THE GOVERNMENT DEBT ATLAS

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IMF / WEO · (October 2026)

Debt of covered countries · 2025111.0 tn US$History / IMF estimates

Debt to combined GDP93.7 %Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived.

Countries in calculation192 / 194Source: IMF WEO

01 / Countries

Countries in numbers

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2025 · History / IMF estimates / Source: IMF WEO

#	Country	Debt / GDP	Debt, US$ bn	Per person, US$	Annual change, pp
1	SGSingapore	165.7%	1,000.6	164,656	-0.1
2	USUnited States	124.4%	38,391.5	112,292	+2.1
3	JPJapan	204.8%	9,119.9	73,971	-8.8
4	BEBelgium	107.9%	782.3	65,837	+4.0
5	CACanada	113.6%	2,636.9	63,383	+3.6
6	ITItaly	137.1%	3,496.2	59,324	+2.4
7	GBUnited Kingdom	102.1%	4,096.5	58,953	+2.7
8	FRFrance	115.5%	3,906.9	56,743	+2.9
9	ISIceland	56.7%	21.8	56,075	-3.8
10	ATAustria	81.4%	472.2	51,427	+1.4
11	NONorway	54.0%	286.3	50,958	+1.2
12	FIFinland	88.4%	281.3	50,172	+5.9
13	CHSwitzerland	40.1%	425.3	46,994	-0.3
14	BHBahrain	144.3%	70.7	44,079	+10.6
15	IEIreland	34.8%	236.8	43,080	-3.6
16	ILIsrael	67.9%	418.6	41,352	+0.2
17	GRGreece	146.6%	411.2	39,643	-8.8
18	SMSan Marino	59.8%	1.3	39,626	-4.0
19	LULuxembourg	26.5%	26.8	39,284	+0.2
20	ESSpain	100.5%	1,918.1	38,788	-0.9
21	DEGermany	62.7%	3,207.5	38,407	+1.3
22	AUAustralia	51.9%	955.4	34,451	+1.0
23	NLNetherlands	44.7%	590.9	32,749	+0.7
24	BSBahamas	71.7%	12.3	29,894	-1.3
25	QAQatar	42.5%	91.6	28,854	+1.1
26	PTPortugal	89.7%	310.7	28,762	-3.8
27	NZNew Zealand	54.7%	142.0	26,667	+3.3
28	AWAruba	64.8%	2.9	26,277	-7.7
29	BBBarbados	96.2%	7.6	26,172	-2.7
30	SISlovenia	65.1%	52.3	24,554	-1.2
31	MVMaldives	129.4%	10.0	24,429	-4.0
32	CYCyprus	55.0%	22.7	23,053	-7.8
33	MTMalta	46.2%	12.9	22,419	+0.2
34	SESweden	34.5%	233.4	21,863	+0.6
35	DKDenmark	27.4%	129.0	21,532	-2.5
36	HUHungary	74.6%	184.4	19,284	+1.1
37	KRSouth Korea	52.4%	986.0	19,078	+2.8
38	AEUnited Arab Emirates	33.9%	208.3	18,357	+0.7
39	SKSlovakia	61.4%	94.8	17,499	+1.7
40	PLPoland	59.7%	621.2	17,021	+4.9
41	UYUruguay	65.6%	56.1	16,104	-2.0
42	CZCzechia	44.2%	173.2	16,039	+1.0
43	ADAndorra	30.3%	1.4	15,290	-2.6
44	HRCroatia	56.3%	59.1	15,261	-1.1
45	AGAntigua & Barbuda	70.2%	1.6	15,197	-1.4
46	TTTrinidad & Tobago	84.0%	21.8	15,176	+3.0
47	CNChina	98.6%	19,351.4	13,774	+8.1
48	RORomania	60.4%	259.3	13,616	+2.9
49	LTLithuania	39.5%	37.6	13,000	+1.5
50	LVLatvia	46.9%	22.8	12,246	+0.7
51	KNSt. Kitts & Nevis	58.7%	0.631612	12,146	+0.6
52	VCSt. Vincent & Grenadines	107.7%	1.3	11,731	+4.9
53	CRCosta Rica	60.4%	62.2	11,574	+1.5
54	ARArgentina	80.1%	547.6	11,534	-4.5
55	SASaudi Arabia	31.8%	405.0	11,248	+5.9
56	MUMauritius	86.8%	14.0	11,224	+0.5
57	PAPanama	56.6%	51.2	11,214	-1.2
58	LCSt. Lucia	76.8%	2.0	11,208	+0.9
59	PWPalau	52.8%	0.185856	10,325	-7.3
60	BRBrazil	93.3%	2,127.2	9,967	+6.3
61	DMDominica	99.9%	0.743256	9,910	-8.3
62	MYMalaysia	70.5%	333.3	9,845	+0.7
63	SCSeychelles	51.2%	1.2	9,766	-5.1
64	MEMontenegro	63.5%	5.9	9,391	+3.7
65	TWTaiwan	23.6%	217.3	9,325	-3.2
66	LYLibya	153.8%	68.8	9,224	+38.5
67	GDGrenada	69.4%	1.0	8,795	-3.4
68	MXMexico	61.7%	1,132.2	8,490	+2.7
69	EEEstonia	24.0%	11.3	8,315	+0.5
70	LBLebanon	139.4%	48.1	8,221	-12.6
71	GAGabon	84.2%	18.4	7,993	+13.3
72	GYGuyana	28.9%	7.7	7,546	+4.6
73	CLChile	41.5%	148.3	7,402	-0.3
74	OMOman	34.7%	38.0	7,155	-0.8
75	PRPuerto Rico	17.6%	22.8	7,149	+0.8
76	SRSuriname	96.9%	4.6	6,988	+12.9
77	UAUkraine	107.1%	229.4	6,982	+17.4
78	DODominican Republic	59.0%	75.5	6,932	+0.2
79	ALAlbania	53.8%	16.2	6,893	-0.7
80	HKHong Kong SAR China	12.1%	51.7	6,882	+2.9
81	CVCape Verde	115.4%	3.5	6,879	-11.7
82	RSSerbia	42.2%	42.2	6,450	-1.9
83	BGBulgaria	29.9%	39.2	6,099	+6.1
84	MKNorth Macedonia	52.6%	10.1	5,547	-1.4
85	JMJamaica	66.0%	14.9	5,415	+3.5
86	BZBelize	66.9%	2.2	5,317	+2.6
87	ZASouth Africa	78.4%	334.9	5,307	+2.4
88	THThailand	64.7%	373.3	5,213	+1.8
89	FJFiji	77.1%	4.8	5,174	-1.7
90	COColombia	59.9%	273.8	5,161	-1.1
91	SVEl Salvador	87.6%	32.2	5,038	-0.1
92	LKSri Lanka	96.8%	105.4	4,844	-3.4
93	KWKuwait	14.6%	23.0	4,610	+11.7
94	BTBhutan	102.6%	3.6	4,553	-6.1
95	AMArmenia	46.9%	13.7	4,453	-1.1
96	TRTürkiye	23.7%	379.9	4,426	+0.1
97	JOJordan	83.6%	51.6	4,321	+1.5
98	BOBolivia	83.3%	54.3	4,319	+0.1
99	ECEcuador	54.5%	71.0	3,923	+0.4
100	TNTunisia	81.7%	46.8	3,789	-3.9
101	KZKazakhstan	24.3%	74.4	3,646	-0.1
102	MDMoldova	39.2%	8.0	3,349	+0.4
103	GEGeorgia	34.3%	13.1	3,328	-1.2
104	NANamibia	67.5%	10.2	3,324	-1.0
105	BYBelarus	31.3%	30.1	3,310	-7.4
106	MAMorocco	66.6%	122.5	3,249	-0.4
107	MNMongolia	45.0%	11.4	3,177	+0.9
108	DZAlgeria	52.1%	148.2	3,124	+4.0
109	IQIraq	52.8%	139.5	3,064	+7.1
110	PEPeru	30.1%	102.9	2,991	-2.0
111	RURussia	16.6%	427.0	2,965	+1.8
112	PYParaguay	38.2%	18.8	2,933	-6.4
113	EGEgypt	86.8%	316.5	2,933	-4.1
114	BABosnia & Herzegovina	28.8%	9.7	2,808	-0.1
115	GQEquatorial Guinea	35.4%	4.5	2,778	+0.4
116	BWBotswana	34.0%	6.8	2,653	+3.5
117	PHPhilippines	59.1%	287.9	2,528	+2.5
118	SNSenegal	127.7%	47.3	2,469	-8.4
119	STSão Tomé & Príncipe	59.1%	0.579771	2,416	-9.9
120	CGCongo - Brazzaville	100.4%	15.5	2,388	+6.6
121	INIndia	84.3%	3,295.3	2,251	-0.5
122	IDIndonesia	40.9%	591.3	2,077	+0.7
123	LALaos	88.8%	15.0	1,928	-10.4
124	AOAngola	52.9%	74.4	1,898	-2.1
125	TOTonga	26.9%	0.186148	1,880	-4.8
126	SZEswatini	44.8%	2.3	1,859	+4.8
127	KEKenya	71.3%	96.9	1,816	+4.0
128	NRNauru	12.2%	0.021472	1,789	-4.3
129	GTGuatemala	26.7%	32.9	1,762	+0.4
130	CICôte d’Ivoire	57.1%	57.0	1,734	-2.4
131	PSPalestinian Territories	55.9%	9.6	1,673	-0.2
132	PGPapua New Guinea	51.6%	17.1	1,642	-1.7
133	GHGhana	48.8%	56.0	1,596	-21.3
134	IRIran	35.6%	132.1	1,518	+4.4
135	SDSudan	204.4%	74.6	1,480	-77.9
136	VNVietnam	30.5%	150.7	1,473	-0.7
137	AZAzerbaijan	20.1%	15.3	1,472	-1.5
138	HNHonduras	40.3%	16.0	1,450	-1.9
139	VUVanuatu	36.2%	0.472772	1,415	-2.9
140	XKKosovo	17.5%	2.2	1,364	-0.4
141	DJDjibouti	31.3%	1.4	1,331	-2.7
142	ZMZambia	100.6%	28.9	1,318	-24.9
143	WSSamoa	21.2%	0.273056	1,288	-4.1
144	ZWZimbabwe	38.0%	22.2	1,276	-32.4
145	PKPakistan	72.8%	297.1	1,236	+2.5
146	KGKyrgyzstan	39.4%	8.9	1,233	+3.2
147	NINicaragua	34.6%	7.7	1,155	-3.3
148	BDBangladesh	42.0%	192.3	1,107	+1.0
149	LILiechtenstein	0.5%	0.04517	1,102	0.0
150	UZUzbekistan	28.6%	42.1	1,100	-2.3
151	MRMauritania	40.4%	5.1	1,100	-4.8
152	GWGuinea-Bissau	75.1%	2.0	988	-7.3
153	BJBenin	59.3%	14.6	985	-1.2
154	GNGuinea	36.3%	15.3	971	+4.3
155	TGTogo	64.9%	7.7	890	-1.3
156	CMCameroon	40.5%	24.0	802	-2.9
157	MMMyanmar (Burma)	51.9%	42.7	779	+1.2
158	RWRwanda	64.7%	10.6	748	+1.3
159	UGUganda	53.2%	35.4	736	+1.4
160	NPNepal	47.4%	21.6	728	-0.5
161	KHCambodia	25.5%	12.9	724	-0.6
162	GMGambia	73.7%	2.1	718	-2.2
163	MHMarshall Islands	8.8%	0.026664	702	-5.5
164	SBSolomon Islands	29.6%	0.511488	641	+3.0
165	TZTanzania	49.8%	44.6	633	-0.2
166	BFBurkina Faso	53.2%	14.7	612	-4.0
167	MWMalawi	96.6%	14.6	606	+10.1
168	MZMozambique	90.3%	21.3	595	-0.9
169	FMMicronesia	8.8%	0.044616	587	-1.6
170	LSLesotho	49.4%	1.4	578	-3.1
171	KMComoros	30.5%	0.49044	539	-1.4
172	BNBrunei	1.6%	0.240032	522	0.0
173	LRLiberia	55.1%	2.9	501	-1.3
174	MLMali	40.3%	12.6	499	-3.7
175	ETEthiopia	43.3%	54.7	495	+9.8
176	SLSierra Leone	51.4%	4.0	449	+4.4
177	NGNigeria	36.1%	104.9	441	-3.2
178	TDChad	33.3%	7.3	386	+1.9
179	TMTurkmenistan	3.1%	2.4	359	-1.0
180	CFCentral African Republic	42.6%	2.0	358	+1.0
181	NENiger	45.5%	9.7	332	-2.6
182	TJTajikistan	18.6%	3.3	315	-6.3
183	HTHaiti	12.3%	3.9	314	-2.8
184	MGMadagascar	47.7%	9.3	295	-2.1
185	SSSouth Sudan	64.2%	3.6	292	+10.5
186	KIKiribati	8.0%	0.02792	216	-0.9
187	BIBurundi	42.0%	2.8	197	-11.8
188	TVTuvalu	2.8%	0.00196	196	-3.3
189	TLTimor-Leste	13.3%	0.274512	195	-0.3
190	CDCongo - Kinshasa	20.4%	19.0	178	+3.1
191	AFAfghanistan	7.6%	1.5	34	-1.3
192	MOMacao SAR China	0.0%	0.0	0	0.0

Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived. About the data ↗

02 / Understand the numbers

Understand the numbers

Debt is one part of the story. Start with three important distinctions.

What is government debt?

The accumulated debt liabilities of general government. This is broader than central government and usually includes regional and local authorities and social security funds. Coverage and valuation can differ by country. Gross debt does not subtract government financial assets.

Why compare debt with GDP?

Debt divided by annual GDP expresses the scale of liabilities relative to an economy. A ratio of 100% means debt equals one year of GDP, not that all debt falls due in one year. The ratio alone does not determine default risk: interest rates, maturities, currency and fiscal revenue also matter.

How are dollar amounts calculated?

Dollar debt is an approximation: debt-to-GDP ratio × nominal GDP in US dollars / 100. It can differ from official debt converted at year-end exchange rates. Per-person debt divides this estimate by population; it is a statistical ratio, not a personal liability.

About the data →