THE GOVERNMENT DEBT ATLAS

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IMF / WEO · (October 2026)

Debt of covered countries · 2025111.0 tn US$History / IMF estimates

Debt to combined GDP93.7 %Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived.

Countries in calculation192 / 194Source: IMF WEO

01 / Countries

Countries in numbers

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2025 · History / IMF estimates / Source: IMF WEO

#	Country	Debt / GDP	Debt, US$ bn	Per person, US$	Annual change, pp
1	JPJapan	204.8%	9,119.9	73,971	-8.8
2	SDSudan	204.4%	74.6	1,480	-77.9
3	SGSingapore	165.7%	1,000.6	164,656	-0.1
4	LYLibya	153.8%	68.8	9,224	+38.5
5	GRGreece	146.6%	411.2	39,643	-8.8
6	BHBahrain	144.3%	70.7	44,079	+10.6
7	LBLebanon	139.4%	48.1	8,221	-12.6
8	ITItaly	137.1%	3,496.2	59,324	+2.4
9	MVMaldives	129.4%	10.0	24,429	-4.0
10	SNSenegal	127.7%	47.3	2,469	-8.4
11	USUnited States	124.4%	38,391.5	112,292	+2.1
12	FRFrance	115.5%	3,906.9	56,743	+2.9
13	CVCape Verde	115.4%	3.5	6,879	-11.7
14	CACanada	113.6%	2,636.9	63,383	+3.6
15	BEBelgium	107.9%	782.3	65,837	+4.0
16	VCSt. Vincent & Grenadines	107.7%	1.3	11,731	+4.9
17	UAUkraine	107.1%	229.4	6,982	+17.4
18	BTBhutan	102.6%	3.6	4,553	-6.1
19	GBUnited Kingdom	102.1%	4,096.5	58,953	+2.7
20	ZMZambia	100.6%	28.9	1,318	-24.9
21	ESSpain	100.5%	1,918.1	38,788	-0.9
22	CGCongo - Brazzaville	100.4%	15.5	2,388	+6.6
23	DMDominica	99.9%	0.743256	9,910	-8.3
24	CNChina	98.6%	19,351.4	13,774	+8.1
25	SRSuriname	96.9%	4.6	6,988	+12.9
26	LKSri Lanka	96.8%	105.4	4,844	-3.4
27	MWMalawi	96.6%	14.6	606	+10.1
28	BBBarbados	96.2%	7.6	26,172	-2.7
29	BRBrazil	93.3%	2,127.2	9,967	+6.3
30	MZMozambique	90.3%	21.3	595	-0.9
31	PTPortugal	89.7%	310.7	28,762	-3.8
32	LALaos	88.8%	15.0	1,928	-10.4
33	FIFinland	88.4%	281.3	50,172	+5.9
34	SVEl Salvador	87.6%	32.2	5,038	-0.1
35	EGEgypt	86.8%	316.5	2,933	-4.1
36	MUMauritius	86.8%	14.0	11,224	+0.5
37	INIndia	84.3%	3,295.3	2,251	-0.5
38	GAGabon	84.2%	18.4	7,993	+13.3
39	TTTrinidad & Tobago	84.0%	21.8	15,176	+3.0
40	JOJordan	83.6%	51.6	4,321	+1.5
41	BOBolivia	83.3%	54.3	4,319	+0.1
42	TNTunisia	81.7%	46.8	3,789	-3.9
43	ATAustria	81.4%	472.2	51,427	+1.4
44	ARArgentina	80.1%	547.6	11,534	-4.5
45	ZASouth Africa	78.4%	334.9	5,307	+2.4
46	FJFiji	77.1%	4.8	5,174	-1.7
47	LCSt. Lucia	76.8%	2.0	11,208	+0.9
48	GWGuinea-Bissau	75.1%	2.0	988	-7.3
49	HUHungary	74.6%	184.4	19,284	+1.1
50	GMGambia	73.7%	2.1	718	-2.2
51	PKPakistan	72.8%	297.1	1,236	+2.5
52	BSBahamas	71.7%	12.3	29,894	-1.3
53	KEKenya	71.3%	96.9	1,816	+4.0
54	MYMalaysia	70.5%	333.3	9,845	+0.7
55	AGAntigua & Barbuda	70.2%	1.6	15,197	-1.4
56	GDGrenada	69.4%	1.0	8,795	-3.4
57	ILIsrael	67.9%	418.6	41,352	+0.2
58	NANamibia	67.5%	10.2	3,324	-1.0
59	BZBelize	66.9%	2.2	5,317	+2.6
60	MAMorocco	66.6%	122.5	3,249	-0.4
61	JMJamaica	66.0%	14.9	5,415	+3.5
62	UYUruguay	65.6%	56.1	16,104	-2.0
63	SISlovenia	65.1%	52.3	24,554	-1.2
64	TGTogo	64.9%	7.7	890	-1.3
65	AWAruba	64.8%	2.9	26,277	-7.7
66	RWRwanda	64.7%	10.6	748	+1.3
67	THThailand	64.7%	373.3	5,213	+1.8
68	SSSouth Sudan	64.2%	3.6	292	+10.5
69	MEMontenegro	63.5%	5.9	9,391	+3.7
70	DEGermany	62.7%	3,207.5	38,407	+1.3
71	MXMexico	61.7%	1,132.2	8,490	+2.7
72	SKSlovakia	61.4%	94.8	17,499	+1.7
73	CRCosta Rica	60.4%	62.2	11,574	+1.5
74	RORomania	60.4%	259.3	13,616	+2.9
75	COColombia	59.9%	273.8	5,161	-1.1
76	SMSan Marino	59.8%	1.3	39,626	-4.0
77	PLPoland	59.7%	621.2	17,021	+4.9
78	BJBenin	59.3%	14.6	985	-1.2
79	PHPhilippines	59.1%	287.9	2,528	+2.5
80	STSão Tomé & Príncipe	59.1%	0.579771	2,416	-9.9
81	DODominican Republic	59.0%	75.5	6,932	+0.2
82	KNSt. Kitts & Nevis	58.7%	0.631612	12,146	+0.6
83	CICôte d’Ivoire	57.1%	57.0	1,734	-2.4
84	ISIceland	56.7%	21.8	56,075	-3.8
85	PAPanama	56.6%	51.2	11,214	-1.2
86	HRCroatia	56.3%	59.1	15,261	-1.1
87	PSPalestinian Territories	55.9%	9.6	1,673	-0.2
88	LRLiberia	55.1%	2.9	501	-1.3
89	CYCyprus	55.0%	22.7	23,053	-7.8
90	NZNew Zealand	54.7%	142.0	26,667	+3.3
91	ECEcuador	54.5%	71.0	3,923	+0.4
92	NONorway	54.0%	286.3	50,958	+1.2
93	ALAlbania	53.8%	16.2	6,893	-0.7
94	BFBurkina Faso	53.2%	14.7	612	-4.0
95	UGUganda	53.2%	35.4	736	+1.4
96	AOAngola	52.9%	74.4	1,898	-2.1
97	IQIraq	52.8%	139.5	3,064	+7.1
98	PWPalau	52.8%	0.185856	10,325	-7.3
99	MKNorth Macedonia	52.6%	10.1	5,547	-1.4
100	KRSouth Korea	52.4%	986.0	19,078	+2.8
101	DZAlgeria	52.1%	148.2	3,124	+4.0
102	AUAustralia	51.9%	955.4	34,451	+1.0
103	MMMyanmar (Burma)	51.9%	42.7	779	+1.2
104	PGPapua New Guinea	51.6%	17.1	1,642	-1.7
105	SLSierra Leone	51.4%	4.0	449	+4.4
106	SCSeychelles	51.2%	1.2	9,766	-5.1
107	TZTanzania	49.8%	44.6	633	-0.2
108	LSLesotho	49.4%	1.4	578	-3.1
109	GHGhana	48.8%	56.0	1,596	-21.3
110	MGMadagascar	47.7%	9.3	295	-2.1
111	NPNepal	47.4%	21.6	728	-0.5
112	AMArmenia	46.9%	13.7	4,453	-1.1
113	LVLatvia	46.9%	22.8	12,246	+0.7
114	MTMalta	46.2%	12.9	22,419	+0.2
115	NENiger	45.5%	9.7	332	-2.6
116	MNMongolia	45.0%	11.4	3,177	+0.9
117	SZEswatini	44.8%	2.3	1,859	+4.8
118	NLNetherlands	44.7%	590.9	32,749	+0.7
119	CZCzechia	44.2%	173.2	16,039	+1.0
120	ETEthiopia	43.3%	54.7	495	+9.8
121	CFCentral African Republic	42.6%	2.0	358	+1.0
122	QAQatar	42.5%	91.6	28,854	+1.1
123	RSSerbia	42.2%	42.2	6,450	-1.9
124	BIBurundi	42.0%	2.8	197	-11.8
125	BDBangladesh	42.0%	192.3	1,107	+1.0
126	CLChile	41.5%	148.3	7,402	-0.3
127	IDIndonesia	40.9%	591.3	2,077	+0.7
128	CMCameroon	40.5%	24.0	802	-2.9
129	MRMauritania	40.4%	5.1	1,100	-4.8
130	HNHonduras	40.3%	16.0	1,450	-1.9
131	MLMali	40.3%	12.6	499	-3.7
132	CHSwitzerland	40.1%	425.3	46,994	-0.3
133	LTLithuania	39.5%	37.6	13,000	+1.5
134	KGKyrgyzstan	39.4%	8.9	1,233	+3.2
135	MDMoldova	39.2%	8.0	3,349	+0.4
136	PYParaguay	38.2%	18.8	2,933	-6.4
137	ZWZimbabwe	38.0%	22.2	1,276	-32.4
138	GNGuinea	36.3%	15.3	971	+4.3
139	VUVanuatu	36.2%	0.472772	1,415	-2.9
140	NGNigeria	36.1%	104.9	441	-3.2
141	IRIran	35.6%	132.1	1,518	+4.4
142	GQEquatorial Guinea	35.4%	4.5	2,778	+0.4
143	IEIreland	34.8%	236.8	43,080	-3.6
144	OMOman	34.7%	38.0	7,155	-0.8
145	NINicaragua	34.6%	7.7	1,155	-3.3
146	SESweden	34.5%	233.4	21,863	+0.6
147	GEGeorgia	34.3%	13.1	3,328	-1.2
148	BWBotswana	34.0%	6.8	2,653	+3.5
149	AEUnited Arab Emirates	33.9%	208.3	18,357	+0.7
150	TDChad	33.3%	7.3	386	+1.9
151	SASaudi Arabia	31.8%	405.0	11,248	+5.9
152	BYBelarus	31.3%	30.1	3,310	-7.4
153	DJDjibouti	31.3%	1.4	1,331	-2.7
154	KMComoros	30.5%	0.49044	539	-1.4
155	VNVietnam	30.5%	150.7	1,473	-0.7
156	ADAndorra	30.3%	1.4	15,290	-2.6
157	PEPeru	30.1%	102.9	2,991	-2.0
158	BGBulgaria	29.9%	39.2	6,099	+6.1
159	SBSolomon Islands	29.6%	0.511488	641	+3.0
160	GYGuyana	28.9%	7.7	7,546	+4.6
161	BABosnia & Herzegovina	28.8%	9.7	2,808	-0.1
162	UZUzbekistan	28.6%	42.1	1,100	-2.3
163	DKDenmark	27.4%	129.0	21,532	-2.5
164	TOTonga	26.9%	0.186148	1,880	-4.8
165	GTGuatemala	26.7%	32.9	1,762	+0.4
166	LULuxembourg	26.5%	26.8	39,284	+0.2
167	KHCambodia	25.5%	12.9	724	-0.6
168	KZKazakhstan	24.3%	74.4	3,646	-0.1
169	EEEstonia	24.0%	11.3	8,315	+0.5
170	TRTürkiye	23.7%	379.9	4,426	+0.1
171	TWTaiwan	23.6%	217.3	9,325	-3.2
172	WSSamoa	21.2%	0.273056	1,288	-4.1
173	CDCongo - Kinshasa	20.4%	19.0	178	+3.1
174	AZAzerbaijan	20.1%	15.3	1,472	-1.5
175	TJTajikistan	18.6%	3.3	315	-6.3
176	PRPuerto Rico	17.6%	22.8	7,149	+0.8
177	XKKosovo	17.5%	2.2	1,364	-0.4
178	RURussia	16.6%	427.0	2,965	+1.8
179	KWKuwait	14.6%	23.0	4,610	+11.7
180	TLTimor-Leste	13.3%	0.274512	195	-0.3
181	HTHaiti	12.3%	3.9	314	-2.8
182	NRNauru	12.2%	0.021472	1,789	-4.3
183	HKHong Kong SAR China	12.1%	51.7	6,882	+2.9
184	FMMicronesia	8.8%	0.044616	587	-1.6
185	MHMarshall Islands	8.8%	0.026664	702	-5.5
186	KIKiribati	8.0%	0.02792	216	-0.9
187	AFAfghanistan	7.6%	1.5	34	-1.3
188	TMTurkmenistan	3.1%	2.4	359	-1.0
189	TVTuvalu	2.8%	0.00196	196	-3.3
190	BNBrunei	1.6%	0.240032	522	0.0
191	LILiechtenstein	0.5%	0.04517	1,102	0.0
192	MOMacao SAR China	0.0%	0.0	0	0.0

Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived. About the data ↗

02 / Understand the numbers

Understand the numbers

Debt is one part of the story. Start with three important distinctions.

What is government debt?

The accumulated debt liabilities of general government. This is broader than central government and usually includes regional and local authorities and social security funds. Coverage and valuation can differ by country. Gross debt does not subtract government financial assets.

Why compare debt with GDP?

Debt divided by annual GDP expresses the scale of liabilities relative to an economy. A ratio of 100% means debt equals one year of GDP, not that all debt falls due in one year. The ratio alone does not determine default risk: interest rates, maturities, currency and fiscal revenue also matter.

How are dollar amounts calculated?

Dollar debt is an approximation: debt-to-GDP ratio × nominal GDP in US dollars / 100. It can differ from official debt converted at year-end exchange rates. Per-person debt divides this estimate by population; it is a statistical ratio, not a personal liability.

About the data →