THE GOVERNMENT DEBT ATLAS

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IMF / WEO · (October 2026)

Debt of covered countries · 2025111.0 tn US$History / IMF estimates

Debt to combined GDP93.7 %Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived.

Countries in calculation192 / 194Source: IMF WEO

01 / Countries

Countries in numbers

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2025 · History / IMF estimates / Source: IMF WEO

#	Country	Debt / GDP	Debt, US$ bn	Per person, US$	Annual change, pp
1	USUnited States	124.4%	38,391.5	112,292	+2.1
2	CNChina	98.6%	19,351.4	13,774	+8.1
3	JPJapan	204.8%	9,119.9	73,971	-8.8
4	GBUnited Kingdom	102.1%	4,096.5	58,953	+2.7
5	FRFrance	115.5%	3,906.9	56,743	+2.9
6	ITItaly	137.1%	3,496.2	59,324	+2.4
7	INIndia	84.3%	3,295.3	2,251	-0.5
8	DEGermany	62.7%	3,207.5	38,407	+1.3
9	CACanada	113.6%	2,636.9	63,383	+3.6
10	BRBrazil	93.3%	2,127.2	9,967	+6.3
11	ESSpain	100.5%	1,918.1	38,788	-0.9
12	MXMexico	61.7%	1,132.2	8,490	+2.7
13	SGSingapore	165.7%	1,000.6	164,656	-0.1
14	KRSouth Korea	52.4%	986.0	19,078	+2.8
15	AUAustralia	51.9%	955.4	34,451	+1.0
16	BEBelgium	107.9%	782.3	65,837	+4.0
17	PLPoland	59.7%	621.2	17,021	+4.9
18	IDIndonesia	40.9%	591.3	2,077	+0.7
19	NLNetherlands	44.7%	590.9	32,749	+0.7
20	ARArgentina	80.1%	547.6	11,534	-4.5
21	ATAustria	81.4%	472.2	51,427	+1.4
22	RURussia	16.6%	427.0	2,965	+1.8
23	CHSwitzerland	40.1%	425.3	46,994	-0.3
24	ILIsrael	67.9%	418.6	41,352	+0.2
25	GRGreece	146.6%	411.2	39,643	-8.8
26	SASaudi Arabia	31.8%	405.0	11,248	+5.9
27	TRTürkiye	23.7%	379.9	4,426	+0.1
28	THThailand	64.7%	373.3	5,213	+1.8
29	ZASouth Africa	78.4%	334.9	5,307	+2.4
30	MYMalaysia	70.5%	333.3	9,845	+0.7
31	EGEgypt	86.8%	316.5	2,933	-4.1
32	PTPortugal	89.7%	310.7	28,762	-3.8
33	PKPakistan	72.8%	297.1	1,236	+2.5
34	PHPhilippines	59.1%	287.9	2,528	+2.5
35	NONorway	54.0%	286.3	50,958	+1.2
36	FIFinland	88.4%	281.3	50,172	+5.9
37	COColombia	59.9%	273.8	5,161	-1.1
38	RORomania	60.4%	259.3	13,616	+2.9
39	IEIreland	34.8%	236.8	43,080	-3.6
40	SESweden	34.5%	233.4	21,863	+0.6
41	UAUkraine	107.1%	229.4	6,982	+17.4
42	TWTaiwan	23.6%	217.3	9,325	-3.2
43	AEUnited Arab Emirates	33.9%	208.3	18,357	+0.7
44	BDBangladesh	42.0%	192.3	1,107	+1.0
45	HUHungary	74.6%	184.4	19,284	+1.1
46	CZCzechia	44.2%	173.2	16,039	+1.0
47	VNVietnam	30.5%	150.7	1,473	-0.7
48	CLChile	41.5%	148.3	7,402	-0.3
49	DZAlgeria	52.1%	148.2	3,124	+4.0
50	NZNew Zealand	54.7%	142.0	26,667	+3.3
51	IQIraq	52.8%	139.5	3,064	+7.1
52	IRIran	35.6%	132.1	1,518	+4.4
53	DKDenmark	27.4%	129.0	21,532	-2.5
54	MAMorocco	66.6%	122.5	3,249	-0.4
55	LKSri Lanka	96.8%	105.4	4,844	-3.4
56	NGNigeria	36.1%	104.9	441	-3.2
57	PEPeru	30.1%	102.9	2,991	-2.0
58	KEKenya	71.3%	96.9	1,816	+4.0
59	SKSlovakia	61.4%	94.8	17,499	+1.7
60	QAQatar	42.5%	91.6	28,854	+1.1
61	DODominican Republic	59.0%	75.5	6,932	+0.2
62	SDSudan	204.4%	74.6	1,480	-77.9
63	AOAngola	52.9%	74.4	1,898	-2.1
64	KZKazakhstan	24.3%	74.4	3,646	-0.1
65	ECEcuador	54.5%	71.0	3,923	+0.4
66	BHBahrain	144.3%	70.7	44,079	+10.6
67	LYLibya	153.8%	68.8	9,224	+38.5
68	CRCosta Rica	60.4%	62.2	11,574	+1.5
69	HRCroatia	56.3%	59.1	15,261	-1.1
70	CICôte d’Ivoire	57.1%	57.0	1,734	-2.4
71	UYUruguay	65.6%	56.1	16,104	-2.0
72	GHGhana	48.8%	56.0	1,596	-21.3
73	ETEthiopia	43.3%	54.7	495	+9.8
74	BOBolivia	83.3%	54.3	4,319	+0.1
75	SISlovenia	65.1%	52.3	24,554	-1.2
76	HKHong Kong SAR China	12.1%	51.7	6,882	+2.9
77	JOJordan	83.6%	51.6	4,321	+1.5
78	PAPanama	56.6%	51.2	11,214	-1.2
79	LBLebanon	139.4%	48.1	8,221	-12.6
80	SNSenegal	127.7%	47.3	2,469	-8.4
81	TNTunisia	81.7%	46.8	3,789	-3.9
82	TZTanzania	49.8%	44.6	633	-0.2
83	MMMyanmar (Burma)	51.9%	42.7	779	+1.2
84	RSSerbia	42.2%	42.2	6,450	-1.9
85	UZUzbekistan	28.6%	42.1	1,100	-2.3
86	BGBulgaria	29.9%	39.2	6,099	+6.1
87	OMOman	34.7%	38.0	7,155	-0.8
88	LTLithuania	39.5%	37.6	13,000	+1.5
89	UGUganda	53.2%	35.4	736	+1.4
90	GTGuatemala	26.7%	32.9	1,762	+0.4
91	SVEl Salvador	87.6%	32.2	5,038	-0.1
92	BYBelarus	31.3%	30.1	3,310	-7.4
93	ZMZambia	100.6%	28.9	1,318	-24.9
94	LULuxembourg	26.5%	26.8	39,284	+0.2
95	CMCameroon	40.5%	24.0	802	-2.9
96	KWKuwait	14.6%	23.0	4,610	+11.7
97	LVLatvia	46.9%	22.8	12,246	+0.7
98	PRPuerto Rico	17.6%	22.8	7,149	+0.8
99	CYCyprus	55.0%	22.7	23,053	-7.8
100	ZWZimbabwe	38.0%	22.2	1,276	-32.4
101	ISIceland	56.7%	21.8	56,075	-3.8
102	TTTrinidad & Tobago	84.0%	21.8	15,176	+3.0
103	NPNepal	47.4%	21.6	728	-0.5
104	MZMozambique	90.3%	21.3	595	-0.9
105	CDCongo - Kinshasa	20.4%	19.0	178	+3.1
106	PYParaguay	38.2%	18.8	2,933	-6.4
107	GAGabon	84.2%	18.4	7,993	+13.3
108	PGPapua New Guinea	51.6%	17.1	1,642	-1.7
109	ALAlbania	53.8%	16.2	6,893	-0.7
110	HNHonduras	40.3%	16.0	1,450	-1.9
111	CGCongo - Brazzaville	100.4%	15.5	2,388	+6.6
112	GNGuinea	36.3%	15.3	971	+4.3
113	AZAzerbaijan	20.1%	15.3	1,472	-1.5
114	LALaos	88.8%	15.0	1,928	-10.4
115	JMJamaica	66.0%	14.9	5,415	+3.5
116	BFBurkina Faso	53.2%	14.7	612	-4.0
117	BJBenin	59.3%	14.6	985	-1.2
118	MWMalawi	96.6%	14.6	606	+10.1
119	MUMauritius	86.8%	14.0	11,224	+0.5
120	AMArmenia	46.9%	13.7	4,453	-1.1
121	GEGeorgia	34.3%	13.1	3,328	-1.2
122	KHCambodia	25.5%	12.9	724	-0.6
123	MTMalta	46.2%	12.9	22,419	+0.2
124	MLMali	40.3%	12.6	499	-3.7
125	BSBahamas	71.7%	12.3	29,894	-1.3
126	MNMongolia	45.0%	11.4	3,177	+0.9
127	EEEstonia	24.0%	11.3	8,315	+0.5
128	RWRwanda	64.7%	10.6	748	+1.3
129	NANamibia	67.5%	10.2	3,324	-1.0
130	MKNorth Macedonia	52.6%	10.1	5,547	-1.4
131	MVMaldives	129.4%	10.0	24,429	-4.0
132	NENiger	45.5%	9.7	332	-2.6
133	BABosnia & Herzegovina	28.8%	9.7	2,808	-0.1
134	PSPalestinian Territories	55.9%	9.6	1,673	-0.2
135	MGMadagascar	47.7%	9.3	295	-2.1
136	KGKyrgyzstan	39.4%	8.9	1,233	+3.2
137	MDMoldova	39.2%	8.0	3,349	+0.4
138	GYGuyana	28.9%	7.7	7,546	+4.6
139	TGTogo	64.9%	7.7	890	-1.3
140	NINicaragua	34.6%	7.7	1,155	-3.3
141	BBBarbados	96.2%	7.6	26,172	-2.7
142	TDChad	33.3%	7.3	386	+1.9
143	BWBotswana	34.0%	6.8	2,653	+3.5
144	MEMontenegro	63.5%	5.9	9,391	+3.7
145	MRMauritania	40.4%	5.1	1,100	-4.8
146	FJFiji	77.1%	4.8	5,174	-1.7
147	SRSuriname	96.9%	4.6	6,988	+12.9
148	GQEquatorial Guinea	35.4%	4.5	2,778	+0.4
149	SLSierra Leone	51.4%	4.0	449	+4.4
150	HTHaiti	12.3%	3.9	314	-2.8
151	BTBhutan	102.6%	3.6	4,553	-6.1
152	SSSouth Sudan	64.2%	3.6	292	+10.5
153	CVCape Verde	115.4%	3.5	6,879	-11.7
154	TJTajikistan	18.6%	3.3	315	-6.3
155	LRLiberia	55.1%	2.9	501	-1.3
156	AWAruba	64.8%	2.9	26,277	-7.7
157	BIBurundi	42.0%	2.8	197	-11.8
158	TMTurkmenistan	3.1%	2.4	359	-1.0
159	SZEswatini	44.8%	2.3	1,859	+4.8
160	BZBelize	66.9%	2.2	5,317	+2.6
161	XKKosovo	17.5%	2.2	1,364	-0.4
162	GMGambia	73.7%	2.1	718	-2.2
163	LCSt. Lucia	76.8%	2.0	11,208	+0.9
164	GWGuinea-Bissau	75.1%	2.0	988	-7.3
165	CFCentral African Republic	42.6%	2.0	358	+1.0
166	AGAntigua & Barbuda	70.2%	1.6	15,197	-1.4
167	AFAfghanistan	7.6%	1.5	34	-1.3
168	DJDjibouti	31.3%	1.4	1,331	-2.7
169	LSLesotho	49.4%	1.4	578	-3.1
170	ADAndorra	30.3%	1.4	15,290	-2.6
171	SMSan Marino	59.8%	1.3	39,626	-4.0
172	VCSt. Vincent & Grenadines	107.7%	1.3	11,731	+4.9
173	SCSeychelles	51.2%	1.2	9,766	-5.1
174	GDGrenada	69.4%	1.0	8,795	-3.4
175	DMDominica	99.9%	0.743256	9,910	-8.3
176	KNSt. Kitts & Nevis	58.7%	0.631612	12,146	+0.6
177	STSão Tomé & Príncipe	59.1%	0.579771	2,416	-9.9
178	SBSolomon Islands	29.6%	0.511488	641	+3.0
179	KMComoros	30.5%	0.49044	539	-1.4
180	VUVanuatu	36.2%	0.472772	1,415	-2.9
181	TLTimor-Leste	13.3%	0.274512	195	-0.3
182	WSSamoa	21.2%	0.273056	1,288	-4.1
183	BNBrunei	1.6%	0.240032	522	0.0
184	TOTonga	26.9%	0.186148	1,880	-4.8
185	PWPalau	52.8%	0.185856	10,325	-7.3
186	LILiechtenstein	0.5%	0.04517	1,102	0.0
187	FMMicronesia	8.8%	0.044616	587	-1.6
188	KIKiribati	8.0%	0.02792	216	-0.9
189	MHMarshall Islands	8.8%	0.026664	702	-5.5
190	NRNauru	12.2%	0.021472	1,789	-4.3
191	TVTuvalu	2.8%	0.00196	196	-3.3
192	MOMacao SAR China	0.0%	0.0	0	0.0

Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived. About the data ↗

02 / Understand the numbers

Understand the numbers

Debt is one part of the story. Start with three important distinctions.

What is government debt?

The accumulated debt liabilities of general government. This is broader than central government and usually includes regional and local authorities and social security funds. Coverage and valuation can differ by country. Gross debt does not subtract government financial assets.

Why compare debt with GDP?

Debt divided by annual GDP expresses the scale of liabilities relative to an economy. A ratio of 100% means debt equals one year of GDP, not that all debt falls due in one year. The ratio alone does not determine default risk: interest rates, maturities, currency and fiscal revenue also matter.

How are dollar amounts calculated?

Dollar debt is an approximation: debt-to-GDP ratio × nominal GDP in US dollars / 100. It can differ from official debt converted at year-end exchange rates. Per-person debt divides this estimate by population; it is a statistical ratio, not a personal liability.

About the data →