THE GOVERNMENT DEBT ATLAS

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IMF / WEO · (October 2026)

Debt of covered countries · 2025111.0 tn US$History / IMF estimates

Debt to combined GDP93.7 %Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived.

Countries in calculation192 / 194Source: IMF WEO

01 / Countries

Countries in numbers

Choose a year and a measure. Select a country to explore its history.

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2025 · History / IMF estimates / Source: IMF WEO

#	Country	Debt / GDP	Debt, US$ bn	Per person, US$	Annual change, pp
1	LYLibya	153.8%	68.8	9,224	+38.5
2	UAUkraine	107.1%	229.4	6,982	+17.4
3	GAGabon	84.2%	18.4	7,993	+13.3
4	SRSuriname	96.9%	4.6	6,988	+12.9
5	KWKuwait	14.6%	23.0	4,610	+11.7
6	BHBahrain	144.3%	70.7	44,079	+10.6
7	SSSouth Sudan	64.2%	3.6	292	+10.5
8	MWMalawi	96.6%	14.6	606	+10.1
9	ETEthiopia	43.3%	54.7	495	+9.8
10	CNChina	98.6%	19,351.4	13,774	+8.1
11	IQIraq	52.8%	139.5	3,064	+7.1
12	CGCongo - Brazzaville	100.4%	15.5	2,388	+6.6
13	BRBrazil	93.3%	2,127.2	9,967	+6.3
14	BGBulgaria	29.9%	39.2	6,099	+6.1
15	FIFinland	88.4%	281.3	50,172	+5.9
16	SASaudi Arabia	31.8%	405.0	11,248	+5.9
17	PLPoland	59.7%	621.2	17,021	+4.9
18	VCSt. Vincent & Grenadines	107.7%	1.3	11,731	+4.9
19	SZEswatini	44.8%	2.3	1,859	+4.8
20	GYGuyana	28.9%	7.7	7,546	+4.6
21	IRIran	35.6%	132.1	1,518	+4.4
22	SLSierra Leone	51.4%	4.0	449	+4.4
23	GNGuinea	36.3%	15.3	971	+4.3
24	BEBelgium	107.9%	782.3	65,837	+4.0
25	DZAlgeria	52.1%	148.2	3,124	+4.0
26	KEKenya	71.3%	96.9	1,816	+4.0
27	MEMontenegro	63.5%	5.9	9,391	+3.7
28	CACanada	113.6%	2,636.9	63,383	+3.6
29	BWBotswana	34.0%	6.8	2,653	+3.5
30	JMJamaica	66.0%	14.9	5,415	+3.5
31	NZNew Zealand	54.7%	142.0	26,667	+3.3
32	KGKyrgyzstan	39.4%	8.9	1,233	+3.2
33	CDCongo - Kinshasa	20.4%	19.0	178	+3.1
34	SBSolomon Islands	29.6%	0.511488	641	+3.0
35	TTTrinidad & Tobago	84.0%	21.8	15,176	+3.0
36	FRFrance	115.5%	3,906.9	56,743	+2.9
37	HKHong Kong SAR China	12.1%	51.7	6,882	+2.9
38	RORomania	60.4%	259.3	13,616	+2.9
39	KRSouth Korea	52.4%	986.0	19,078	+2.8
40	GBUnited Kingdom	102.1%	4,096.5	58,953	+2.7
41	MXMexico	61.7%	1,132.2	8,490	+2.7
42	BZBelize	66.9%	2.2	5,317	+2.6
43	PKPakistan	72.8%	297.1	1,236	+2.5
44	PHPhilippines	59.1%	287.9	2,528	+2.5
45	ITItaly	137.1%	3,496.2	59,324	+2.4
46	ZASouth Africa	78.4%	334.9	5,307	+2.4
47	USUnited States	124.4%	38,391.5	112,292	+2.1
48	TDChad	33.3%	7.3	386	+1.9
49	RURussia	16.6%	427.0	2,965	+1.8
50	THThailand	64.7%	373.3	5,213	+1.8
51	SKSlovakia	61.4%	94.8	17,499	+1.7
52	CRCosta Rica	60.4%	62.2	11,574	+1.5
53	JOJordan	83.6%	51.6	4,321	+1.5
54	LTLithuania	39.5%	37.6	13,000	+1.5
55	ATAustria	81.4%	472.2	51,427	+1.4
56	UGUganda	53.2%	35.4	736	+1.4
57	DEGermany	62.7%	3,207.5	38,407	+1.3
58	RWRwanda	64.7%	10.6	748	+1.3
59	MMMyanmar (Burma)	51.9%	42.7	779	+1.2
60	NONorway	54.0%	286.3	50,958	+1.2
61	HUHungary	74.6%	184.4	19,284	+1.1
62	QAQatar	42.5%	91.6	28,854	+1.1
63	AUAustralia	51.9%	955.4	34,451	+1.0
64	BDBangladesh	42.0%	192.3	1,107	+1.0
65	CFCentral African Republic	42.6%	2.0	358	+1.0
66	CZCzechia	44.2%	173.2	16,039	+1.0
67	LCSt. Lucia	76.8%	2.0	11,208	+0.9
68	MNMongolia	45.0%	11.4	3,177	+0.9
69	PRPuerto Rico	17.6%	22.8	7,149	+0.8
70	AEUnited Arab Emirates	33.9%	208.3	18,357	+0.7
71	IDIndonesia	40.9%	591.3	2,077	+0.7
72	LVLatvia	46.9%	22.8	12,246	+0.7
73	MYMalaysia	70.5%	333.3	9,845	+0.7
74	NLNetherlands	44.7%	590.9	32,749	+0.7
75	KNSt. Kitts & Nevis	58.7%	0.631612	12,146	+0.6
76	SESweden	34.5%	233.4	21,863	+0.6
77	EEEstonia	24.0%	11.3	8,315	+0.5
78	MUMauritius	86.8%	14.0	11,224	+0.5
79	ECEcuador	54.5%	71.0	3,923	+0.4
80	GQEquatorial Guinea	35.4%	4.5	2,778	+0.4
81	GTGuatemala	26.7%	32.9	1,762	+0.4
82	MDMoldova	39.2%	8.0	3,349	+0.4
83	DODominican Republic	59.0%	75.5	6,932	+0.2
84	ILIsrael	67.9%	418.6	41,352	+0.2
85	LULuxembourg	26.5%	26.8	39,284	+0.2
86	MTMalta	46.2%	12.9	22,419	+0.2
87	BOBolivia	83.3%	54.3	4,319	+0.1
88	TRTürkiye	23.7%	379.9	4,426	+0.1
89	BNBrunei	1.6%	0.240032	522	0.0
90	LILiechtenstein	0.5%	0.04517	1,102	0.0
91	MOMacao SAR China	0.0%	0.0	0	0.0
92	BABosnia & Herzegovina	28.8%	9.7	2,808	-0.1
93	KZKazakhstan	24.3%	74.4	3,646	-0.1
94	SGSingapore	165.7%	1,000.6	164,656	-0.1
95	SVEl Salvador	87.6%	32.2	5,038	-0.1
96	TZTanzania	49.8%	44.6	633	-0.2
97	PSPalestinian Territories	55.9%	9.6	1,673	-0.2
98	CHSwitzerland	40.1%	425.3	46,994	-0.3
99	CLChile	41.5%	148.3	7,402	-0.3
100	TLTimor-Leste	13.3%	0.274512	195	-0.3
101	MAMorocco	66.6%	122.5	3,249	-0.4
102	XKKosovo	17.5%	2.2	1,364	-0.4
103	INIndia	84.3%	3,295.3	2,251	-0.5
104	NPNepal	47.4%	21.6	728	-0.5
105	KHCambodia	25.5%	12.9	724	-0.6
106	ALAlbania	53.8%	16.2	6,893	-0.7
107	VNVietnam	30.5%	150.7	1,473	-0.7
108	OMOman	34.7%	38.0	7,155	-0.8
109	ESSpain	100.5%	1,918.1	38,788	-0.9
110	KIKiribati	8.0%	0.02792	216	-0.9
111	MZMozambique	90.3%	21.3	595	-0.9
112	NANamibia	67.5%	10.2	3,324	-1.0
113	TMTurkmenistan	3.1%	2.4	359	-1.0
114	AMArmenia	46.9%	13.7	4,453	-1.1
115	COColombia	59.9%	273.8	5,161	-1.1
116	HRCroatia	56.3%	59.1	15,261	-1.1
117	BJBenin	59.3%	14.6	985	-1.2
118	GEGeorgia	34.3%	13.1	3,328	-1.2
119	PAPanama	56.6%	51.2	11,214	-1.2
120	SISlovenia	65.1%	52.3	24,554	-1.2
121	AFAfghanistan	7.6%	1.5	34	-1.3
122	BSBahamas	71.7%	12.3	29,894	-1.3
123	LRLiberia	55.1%	2.9	501	-1.3
124	TGTogo	64.9%	7.7	890	-1.3
125	AGAntigua & Barbuda	70.2%	1.6	15,197	-1.4
126	KMComoros	30.5%	0.49044	539	-1.4
127	MKNorth Macedonia	52.6%	10.1	5,547	-1.4
128	AZAzerbaijan	20.1%	15.3	1,472	-1.5
129	FMMicronesia	8.8%	0.044616	587	-1.6
130	FJFiji	77.1%	4.8	5,174	-1.7
131	PGPapua New Guinea	51.6%	17.1	1,642	-1.7
132	HNHonduras	40.3%	16.0	1,450	-1.9
133	RSSerbia	42.2%	42.2	6,450	-1.9
134	PEPeru	30.1%	102.9	2,991	-2.0
135	UYUruguay	65.6%	56.1	16,104	-2.0
136	AOAngola	52.9%	74.4	1,898	-2.1
137	MGMadagascar	47.7%	9.3	295	-2.1
138	GMGambia	73.7%	2.1	718	-2.2
139	UZUzbekistan	28.6%	42.1	1,100	-2.3
140	CICôte d’Ivoire	57.1%	57.0	1,734	-2.4
141	DKDenmark	27.4%	129.0	21,532	-2.5
142	ADAndorra	30.3%	1.4	15,290	-2.6
143	NENiger	45.5%	9.7	332	-2.6
144	BBBarbados	96.2%	7.6	26,172	-2.7
145	DJDjibouti	31.3%	1.4	1,331	-2.7
146	HTHaiti	12.3%	3.9	314	-2.8
147	CMCameroon	40.5%	24.0	802	-2.9
148	VUVanuatu	36.2%	0.472772	1,415	-2.9
149	LSLesotho	49.4%	1.4	578	-3.1
150	NGNigeria	36.1%	104.9	441	-3.2
151	TWTaiwan	23.6%	217.3	9,325	-3.2
152	NINicaragua	34.6%	7.7	1,155	-3.3
153	TVTuvalu	2.8%	0.00196	196	-3.3
154	GDGrenada	69.4%	1.0	8,795	-3.4
155	LKSri Lanka	96.8%	105.4	4,844	-3.4
156	IEIreland	34.8%	236.8	43,080	-3.6
157	MLMali	40.3%	12.6	499	-3.7
158	ISIceland	56.7%	21.8	56,075	-3.8
159	PTPortugal	89.7%	310.7	28,762	-3.8
160	TNTunisia	81.7%	46.8	3,789	-3.9
161	BFBurkina Faso	53.2%	14.7	612	-4.0
162	MVMaldives	129.4%	10.0	24,429	-4.0
163	SMSan Marino	59.8%	1.3	39,626	-4.0
164	EGEgypt	86.8%	316.5	2,933	-4.1
165	WSSamoa	21.2%	0.273056	1,288	-4.1
166	NRNauru	12.2%	0.021472	1,789	-4.3
167	ARArgentina	80.1%	547.6	11,534	-4.5
168	MRMauritania	40.4%	5.1	1,100	-4.8
169	TOTonga	26.9%	0.186148	1,880	-4.8
170	SCSeychelles	51.2%	1.2	9,766	-5.1
171	MHMarshall Islands	8.8%	0.026664	702	-5.5
172	BTBhutan	102.6%	3.6	4,553	-6.1
173	TJTajikistan	18.6%	3.3	315	-6.3
174	PYParaguay	38.2%	18.8	2,933	-6.4
175	GWGuinea-Bissau	75.1%	2.0	988	-7.3
176	PWPalau	52.8%	0.185856	10,325	-7.3
177	BYBelarus	31.3%	30.1	3,310	-7.4
178	AWAruba	64.8%	2.9	26,277	-7.7
179	CYCyprus	55.0%	22.7	23,053	-7.8
180	DMDominica	99.9%	0.743256	9,910	-8.3
181	SNSenegal	127.7%	47.3	2,469	-8.4
182	GRGreece	146.6%	411.2	39,643	-8.8
183	JPJapan	204.8%	9,119.9	73,971	-8.8
184	STSão Tomé & Príncipe	59.1%	0.579771	2,416	-9.9
185	LALaos	88.8%	15.0	1,928	-10.4
186	CVCape Verde	115.4%	3.5	6,879	-11.7
187	BIBurundi	42.0%	2.8	197	-11.8
188	LBLebanon	139.4%	48.1	8,221	-12.6
189	GHGhana	48.8%	56.0	1,596	-21.3
190	ZMZambia	100.6%	28.9	1,318	-24.9
191	ZWZimbabwe	38.0%	22.2	1,276	-32.4
192	SDSudan	204.4%	74.6	1,480	-77.9

Countries with debt and GDP available; USD amounts are derived. About the data ↗

02 / Understand the numbers

Understand the numbers

Debt is one part of the story. Start with three important distinctions.

What is government debt?

The accumulated debt liabilities of general government. This is broader than central government and usually includes regional and local authorities and social security funds. Coverage and valuation can differ by country. Gross debt does not subtract government financial assets.

Why compare debt with GDP?

Debt divided by annual GDP expresses the scale of liabilities relative to an economy. A ratio of 100% means debt equals one year of GDP, not that all debt falls due in one year. The ratio alone does not determine default risk: interest rates, maturities, currency and fiscal revenue also matter.

How are dollar amounts calculated?

Dollar debt is an approximation: debt-to-GDP ratio × nominal GDP in US dollars / 100. It can differ from official debt converted at year-end exchange rates. Per-person debt divides this estimate by population; it is a statistical ratio, not a personal liability.

About the data →